I don't know if that's covered in any of the histories or not. "Another theory," O'Neil added, "is that Vin Sullivan, who was the editor, didn't want Batman to carry firearms. He's certainly got enough weapons, he certainly scares people, and he does all these things that Batman needs to do – why does he pull out a gun and plug somebody?" "I can't go back in time, and I can't speculate on it, but I would have agreed if I were there at that time. Why is Batman a stone killer? It just seemed uncomfortable for everybody at that time. "There was a discussion, I'm told, a discussion around the office about the idea of Batman not carrying a gun," Adams said. "The conversation in the comic was, yeah, we don't carry guns."Īdams said he believes the decision was made by Whitney Ellsworth, an early DC editor. "They not only decided to do it, but they codified it," Adams said. There's no definitive source for the reason Batman stopped carrying guns, but the important thing to note about the decision is that an editorial note in Batman specifically stated that "The Batman never carries or kills with a gun," according to Adams and O'Neil. And for another, the story is somewhat notorious as it ends with Batman discovering that the Monk is a vampire - and shooting him with a silver bullet in his sleep, killing him. the Monk that's keeping it from being widely available in either of its forms.įor one thing, both Detective Comics #30 and #32, the previous and subsequent issues, are on the app. However, there are two notable clues that suggest there's something or other in the story of Batman vs. There are plenty of other comics in which Batman uses a gun in some capacity, including Final Crisis #7 (more on that shortly), so that may not be why the story isn't available. Neither the original story in Detective Comics #31 nor Matt Wagner's early '00s limited series telling an updated version of the tale are on the service. Oddly enough, the story of Batman's fight with the vampiric villain known as the Monk, one of Batman's most famous gun-toting adventures, doesn't seem to be available on the DC Infinite digital comic reading service in either of its forms. So he was still carrying a gun for a couple of years at the beginning." "But that was 20 issues into Detective Comics because Batman started there. "But in Batman, I believe, issue #4, they discontinued Batman carrying a gun and I think Batman even commented that he doesn't carry guns," Adams said. One of the reasons that the character has lasted is that he has changed with the times." "The character was very much in intensive evolution mode, for about the first year. And I think what that's about is that they didn't really know what they had," O'Neil said. "I think once or twice in that first year, he was shown with a firearm. "In another story, on the splash page, he's carrying an automatic, but it does not show up in the story itself," O'Neil said, adding that there were several other instances of Batman either carrying or firing a gun during the first couple years of his existence, though rarely at actual human beings. "And Batman has some dialogue in that panel that's like, 'I hate to do this, but it's necessary.'" "There's an incident where a bad guy is escaping and Batman dives on him with an airplane and machine guns him," O'Neil said. ![]() In fact, O'Neil said he saw evidence that "The Case of the Chemical Syndicate," the first Batman story, "was lifted pretty directly from a Theodore Tinsley Shadow story that appeared a couple of years before."ĭuring 19, in both Detective Comics and later his own title, Batman, the character was shown carrying and using a gun. "And of course, as Jim Steranko once said, The Shadow didn't believe in the death penalty The Shadow was the death penalty. ![]() ![]() "Bill Finger openly admitted that his main source of inspiration was The Shadow," O'Neil explained. O'Neil told Newsarama at the this article's original publication that although the character was introduced May 1939 in Detective Comics #27, his origins can be traced to earlier pulp heroes. The idea of Batman as a pulp hero was echoed by the late Dennis O'Neil, who wrote and edited Batman from the '60s through the '90s. Other than wearing a cowl, that character was a pulp character." "What a lot of people forget is that Batman originally had guns," explained Brian Azzarello, who's written Batman for comic books and film and co-wrote Batman with Frank Miller for Dark Knight III: The Master Race.
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Having some skills to invest in could have helped keep the game from grinding until you get a better version of your favorite weapon. The loot usually isn't as good as what you've already got, so this feels like another slightly wasted opportunity. ![]() Victor also usually receives some kind of bonus, such as more health, when leveling up. Each time Victor levels up, you will pick one of three rewards, one of which is usually a treasure chest containing a piece of random loot if you don't want either of the other two. The leveling system is pretty basic as well, which isn't bad, but it doesn't help in the diversity department. The combat mechanics are really solid, but, at least in my experience, the equipment is unbalanced and discourages variety. I wanted to mix up the gameplay a little bit, but it's hard to convince yourself to use worse gear for the sake of variety. You can find new and better demon powers to equip and try out, but as with the weapons, I had a few powers that seemed to me to be far better than anything else. In addition to weapons, Victor has demon powers, which are super powerful magic attacks. It started to take away from the loot-gathering experience when I would find rare, high level weapons, but not use them because I already knew that it would be worse because of the assigned weapon class skills. It could just be personal preference, but in my entire time with the game, I couldn't find any weapons that came even close to being as effective as the Scythe and the Shotgun. This is generally a good thing, but it causes a small problem in Victor Vran, because some of the weapons are clearly superior to the others. Each type of weapon has three special attacks, which typically play on the weapons strengths and are vastly different from one another. Each weapon serves a different purpose, but where they vary the most is in the weapon skills. There are ranged and melee weapons, with several different categories within. Gameplay is standard dungeon crawling fare. It's a good way to keep the game interesting as it goes along. The challenges are usually mild enough that you can do them as you play, but sometimes they're challenging enough to make you seriously change your strategy. These chests will contain high value equipment, but you'll have to pay close attention to your surroundings and make good use of the acrobatics to find them. These usually take the form of killing enemies with certain weapons, in a certain amount of time, without using potions, etcetera, but each map always has several secret chests hidden somewhere. Each map has 5 challenges for you to complete. This movement is a piece of a larger puzzle, which are the secrets and challenges. It's incredibly smooth, and Victor's animations while doing it make you feel really powerful. It sounds like a minor thing, and I suppose it is, but it just feels awesome the way the game handles it. ![]() In the first few minutes, the game instructs you to have Victor jump to a wall and then jump off the wall to reach a rooftop. One of the first things I noticed Victor Vran did well is movement. The setting is well realized, with a Victorian England-style horror, but it, again, isn't terribly interesting just because it's been done so many times before. The voice over work is really well done, including Geralt of Rivia himself Doug Cockle voicing the title character with the exact same voice mannerisms as Geralt. The game has a pretty prevalent narrative running throughout, with a few twists and turns, though it's not terribly interesting and pretty much just serves as an explanation for the setting. Victor Vran has you playing as the titular character, a demon hunter who has arrived to the scene of a massive demon outbreak while trying to find one of his lost compatriots. It just doesn't quite get where it needs to go, and every time I played it, I found myself wanting to go play Diablo for the umpteenth time. It's a damn fine game, with a lot of really good ideas and strengths. Victor Vran, unfortunately, does not have the X factor.īut that doesn't make it a bad game. ![]() There's an X factor that comes with the territory, and it seems that dungeon crawlers can do everything right on paper, and still just not quite have that special quality that makes the great ones great. It's a strange situation, because dungeon crawlers are one of the most routinely formulaic video game genres of all one of few that does the same thing over and over on purpose. I played Champions of Norrath on the Playstation 2 for untold amounts of time as a kid, and since then I've been chasing that dragon, with no game ever truly filling the hole Champions left behind. ![]() Trade routes are more important in Beyond Earth than in previous games, and Polystralia’s extra two in the capital can add up to huge gains over the course of the game. The Tectonic Scanner helps you make an informed decision about where to place that second city by revealing all of the hidden strategic resources from the start.ĭon’t underestimate Polystralia. Arriving with the Pioneering technology (which unlocks colonists and trading) lets you claim territory quickly and jump start the productive flow of commerce between your cities. The Kavithan Protectorate’s outposts grow into full-fledged cities at a much higher rate, encouraging early expansion. Bringing a worker along at the start helps you capitalize on that speed from the first turn, which can snowball your capital into a powerhouse. The Pan Asian Cooperative, with its increase in worker speed and faster production of Wonders, is a strong choice for beginners since, no matter your goals and style, you need to improve tiles and probably build a Wonder or two. Look at a few of the effective combinations we’ve found so far. Here you can start finding those sweet synergies so close to the heart of the game. It starts to get interesting with the subsequent decisions about your mission’s other parameters, such as what kind of colonists and equipment to bring. Without any context on which to base your choice, it’s largely a matter of taste, so choose the sponsor whose ability sounds most in line with how you would like to play. Blast-offĬhoosing your sponsor is the first decision you will make in a new game. Check them out and learn from our mistakes. Below you will find a selection of tips and tricks for getting a strong start in Beyond Earth. After a few weeks of building space empires, we’ve learned a thing or two about surviving these alien worlds. I've actually cut Celestial Colonade from my UW section - I'm on 8 lands with I have found the scry to be extremely usefulĢ. Irrigated Farmland is likely the consideration at the moment as the cut if I wanted to go down the 7 lands. I've found manlands to be incredibly slow and I have almost never attacked with a colonade before - The only one time I recall I needed to attack with a Colonade was because my hand was destroyed by a Mind Twist. I have almost never lost a game because I ran out resources/ threats. I found the turns into a creature aspects to be almost useless and the land has only been drafted because its a UW land. I'm not too thrilled about the cycle land either, but I figured it might be better for more unstable combo decks that have fewer "playables" and wanted to played 1-2 more lands and anticipate drawing into their combo.ģ. Whenever I read a forum/ advice about what the number of lands I should play in a 40 card deck (i.e. I find that you lose too many games because of not hitting land drops/ proper mana rather than flooding out. (The only exception to this is if i'm playing a spells matter deck and I need my cantrips/ burn spells).Ĥ. I would add 1-2 more cycles of lands into any cube than most cube designers. I find people are drafting 3 or 4 color decks most of the time because they want to play with all these synergistic cards. I found a land is more likely to be good in any deck than a random card. I have played a temples or canopy lands where only one of the colors matched the two color pair I was playing because I valued the cycle/ scry alot. Its common to play Fetch/ Mirage fetch i.e. Arid Mesa in a Red-Green deck where you have a stomping ground. I've also prioritized drafting lands over playables as I've often noticed people end up with 4-5 more playables and need to cut while their mana bases are very bad.Once Cubelands is released into public beta, I’ll be able to try it and see how it constitutes not being a copyright infringement of Markus Persson’s Minecraft. As it stands however, it looks like the two programs (not necessarily games) differ only in their intended activity. Minecraft is a game-there is a definite goal (by default). In Minecraft, there are monsters that populate the dark places (and the night), making survival the key element of the game. You must quickly gather resources and use them to build weapons and shelter to survive the monsters-otherwise you die. That’s no good! You can, of course, turn the game difficulty down to peaceful, so that monsters do not spawn at all, turning the game into a sandbox. But the important factor is that there is gameplay.Īccording to Cubelands’ description, the game focuses on construction-and as no screenshots display any challengers, it seems that it does not actually constitute a game per se. It is a sandbox, pure and simple-a toy, and that aspect of it is likely to keep profits down-if there are any profits at all. ![]() As fun as it is to build, it gets boring when there is no challenge involved. The player can use different sorts of weapons such as bows, swords, magic spells, guns, and other threats.Interact with other players, enjoy side-scroll elements, complete challenging levels, and use points to unlock additional weapons and other things.After all, flying isn’t fun if it requires no skill-it’s just another kind of walking. ![]() The game offers a combination of exploration, building, Sandbox, and combat elements and lets the player immerse himself in construction experience.The game takes place in the procedurally generated world and lets the player start playing the game with three primary tools, including a sword for combat, a pickaxe for mining, and an ax for woodcutting.Gather resources, explore underground caves, craft various items, fight against enemies (Demon Eyes, Zombies, and other creatures), complete objectives, and earn experience points. Terraria is an Action-Adventure, 2D, Crafting, Survival, platform, Co-op, Single and Multiplayer video game developed and published by Re-Logic. With the exciting gameplay, brilliant mechanics, color-full world, and stunning visuals, Roblox is the beautiful game to play and enjoy. Roblox includes core features such as MMO, Thousands of Games, Fully Customization option, Social Interaction, Chat option, and more. ![]() The player can immerse himself in fun-filled activities and play different games with other players such as Pinball, Control Pizza Shop, and more.Explore the massive galaxies, battle against pirates and zombies, and join parties with friends in virtual clubs. ![]() Persons caught and accused of being spies can be punished, but international law contains protections for spies captured during armed conflict or covered by diplomatic immunity. Thus, participation in, and tolerance of, spying indicates that espionage and economic espionage do not constitute wrongful acts triggering state responsibility under international law. Other bodies of international law under which espionage issues arise, such as rules on armed conflict and on diplomatic relations in peacetime, do not prohibit or seriously constrain espionage or economic espionage. Although cyber espionage is sometimes described as "cyber attacks" and "cyberwar," no government regards cyber espionage of any kind as a prohibited use of force. Although a victim country could assert that spying violates the principles of sovereignty and non-intervention, state practice has accepted state-sponsored espionage such that these appeals are not serious claims. The desire to combat economic cyber espionage confronts a lack of international law on espionage and economic espionage. International Law, Espionage, and Economic Espionage ![]() International Law and Economic Cyber Espionage On February 19, 2013, Mandiant, a cybersecurity company, released a report in which it claimed to have evidence linking Unit 61398 of the People's Liberation Army in Shanghai to a global cyber espionage campaign against nearly 150 companies from 20 economic sectors "designed to steal large volumes of valuable intellectual property." Mandiant's report garnered widespread press coverage, prompted angry responses from China, and catalyzed the Obama administration's release of a new strategy to combat theft of U.S. cyber-espionage campaign that is threatening the countryâs economic competitiveness,â with China identified âas the country most aggressively seeking to penetrate the computer systems of American businesses and institutions to gain access to data that could be used for economic gain.â On February 10, 2013, a National Intelligence Estimate âconcluded that the United States is the target of a. In late January 2013, the New York Times reported it had been hacked from China, and allegations followed that other newspapers had similarly been hacked. The ONCIX admitted that "the has not been able to attribute many of these private sector data breaches to a state sponsor." However, attributing cyber intrusions to the Chinese government has proved difficult. economic secrets accomplished through cyber means. ![]() In October 2011, the Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive (ONCIX) labeled China a "persistent collector" of U.S. officials and cybersecurity experts have accused China of engaging in economic cyber espionage. leaders arguing that it was contributing to the "greatest transfer of wealth in history." However, economic cyber espionage continued to metastasize, with U.S. ![]() cybersecurity policy included economic espionage as a problem. As societies became dependent on cyber technologies, experts identified economic cyber espionage as a growing threat. The United States adopted the Economic Espionage Act (EEA) in 1996, before the Internet became a global means of communication. States engaged in economic espionage prior to the use of cyber technologies. Many countries have long considered economic espionage important to national security and economic development. âCorporate espionage" or "industrial espionage" describes a company's illegal acquisition of another company's trade secrets with no government involvement. Economic espionage involves a state's attempts to acquire covertly trade secrets held by foreign private enterprises. Traditional espionage encompasses a government's efforts to acquire clandestinely classified or otherwise protected information from a foreign government. This Insight examines the international legal issues this controversy about economic cyber espionage raises.Įspionage comes in different forms. After the report's release, the Obama administration issued a new strategy to counter theft of trade secrets from U.S. concerns about Chinese economic cyber espionage. The Chinese government rejected the allegations, but the report resonated with U.S. cybersecurity company released a report alleging that the Chinese military was using cyber technologies to obtain trade secrets from foreign companies. In late February 2013, a controversy erupted after a U.S. ![]() If you want to give the service a try, the first 500 people to sign up here will receive 1200 minutes of free call time to the U.S. Only a few social networks will be available at launch, including Facebook, but there are plans to incorporate many more including Twitter. I called to verify that the auto attendant service worked and loved the way. “We’ve added the advertising in there because right now with the whole economic crunch going on a lot of people would appreciate that they could fire their phone company and not have to replace it with one that charges them a bunch of money,” said CEO Bryan Hertz. I signed up for voxox cloud phone for my staffing business about 3 months ago. Here's how it works: Users sign up for a Voxox account (it's free to join) and initiate calls by sending a. New users can sign up for a free VoxOx account within the mobile app interface, and as part of the sign up process, select a free U. SMS callback) that lets users make phone calls from a cell phone while abroad without paying the carrier's rates. ![]() It says that they expect most of their revenues to come not from ads, but from a small percentage of users who either pay a penny a minute or 20 bucks a month for unlimited use. Voxox, a service by San Diegobased company Telcentris, provides a feature called Voxox Call Connect for SMS (a.k.a. TelCentris, the company that founded VoxOx, initially built the platform with businesses in mind and also provides enterprise voice services. Voxox gives you the most complete, sophisticated, unified communications solution to help you transform your business. There are lots of interesting features with its call management, including various call forwarding capabilities, SMS triggered call connecting for cheaper international rates, the ability to upload your own hold music and integrated soundboards for prank calling. Once you sign up for a free VoxOx account and download the app, you begin by adding networks available options include AOL’s AIM, Facebook, Google Talk, Skype, Twitter, and more.You simply. I call upon all Americans to observe this day and to. Once approved, you can start selling immediately and you will gain access to our partner portal, where you will find downloadable marketing materials, shareable social media content, webinars, and current promotions. Users can also get minutes every time they recommend the service to a friend. BIDEN JR., President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim May 22, 2023, as National Maritime Day. Simply sign it, and return it to us for approval within 3 business days. ![]() Once created, this partition, which will occupy about 12GB of hard drive space, can be accessed by holding down the option key while booting your Mac, selecting the eDrive partition and starting from there. Simply click into the Tools section, select to create an eDrive partition, enter your administrator password and the application creates the boot partition within a few minutes. It never hurts to have a backup partition on hand to boot from and TechTool Pro’s eDrive feature remains as strong as ever. The Surface Scan tool lets you check for failed hard drive sectors before problems arise. Connect an external volume to your Mac and TechTool picks up on it fairly quickly, allowing you to run a full battery of tests on it as well as eject it from your Mac for safe removal. Open the application, select a hard drive or partition you want to take a look at, specify the test you want to run and the software sets to work, the gauge-driven user interface providing you with a decent estimation as to the progress made so far. Where the guts of TechTool Pro 7 are concerned, the software holds up as admirably as it ever did. The Reports section allows you to see log files for past tests and group the results by category, such as All Jobs, Failed Jobs, etc. The Tools section provides access to more specific utilities (such as volume rebuilding, disk optimization, audio and video utilities, and eDrive emergency partition creation). The Tests section includes an overall computer scan, volume structure, file structure, and video memory utilities. ![]() ![]() The new version, which retains the same look and user interface that Micromat revealed in version 5, sports three main sections Tests, Tools, and Reports. The Volume Rebuild tool allows you to see what changes will be made before you replace a directory. Micromat’s TechTool has long been used for Mac troubleshooting, and the new TechTool Pro 7.0.1 has support for 64-bit architectures, Apple’s OS X Mavericks operating system, and a brand new test to diagnose RAM module problems. When your Mac starts to go south, it helps to have software tools to fix the problems or to recover your data. ![]() The best way to deal with the issue is by uninstalling it and re-installing it on your PC. If none of the mentioned fixes can resolve the error, chances are that your game launcher has gone corrupt. Fix #5 – Uninstall & Reinstall the Application The OpenGL command helps you accelerate the GPU processing of any application and puts a process directly in touch with the GPU for better performance. Step 5 – Save the changes and try launching the application. Step 4 – Click on the destination, and add -OpenGL ahead of it. Step 3 – In the Shortcut tab, you will find a target box where the file’s destination is mentioned. Step 2 – Open its properties and navigate to the Shortcut tile. Thankfully, there is a way you can do so. Hence, there’s a possibility of GPU not accelerating the application’s launch process. Sometimes, when using multiple applications on your PC, the GPU gets confused about what is a priority and what is not. Read Also: 12 Best (Free & Paid) Driver Updater Software To Fix Driver Issues on Windows Fix #4 – Try Accelerating Your Epic Games Launcher Processing That’s how easy it is to update the drivers to resolve Epic Games Launcher not connecting on Windows. Step 6 – Click on Update All to update these drivers. Step 5 – After the scan, you will have a list of outdated drivers. The scan will go through all the installed drivers on your PC and compare it to the latest on the tool’s server. Click on it to initiate the scanning process. Step 3 – On the home screen, you will find the Start Scan Now button. Step 2 – Install the tool on your PC and run it. Step 1 – Download Advanced Driver Updater on your PC using the button below Here are the steps to help you finish the updates easily – This is why we recommend you use Advanced Driver Updater to finish updating your graphics card drivers. The internal process is lengthy and slow. Now if you do not know how to update drivers on Windows, just understand that it is not as easy as it seems. It usually happens when the GPU is not working properly, or your graphics card drivers are not using the latest drivers. If both the fixes shared above fail to fix the error for you, there are solid chances that the issue lies in the video processing capabilities of your PC. Fix #3 – Update Your Video Card/Graphics Card Drivers Just follow the instructions, and you should be good. Once you click on repair, the internal process will automatically guide you. Step 5 – Once you click on it, you will see a repair option on the top bar near uninstall. Step 4 – There, find your game launcher and click on it. Step 3 – This will take you directly to uninstall and repair the window that you find in the Program’s title of your Control Panel. Step 2 – In the run search utility, use the command – control appwiz.cpl and hit enter. Step 1 – Press Windows + R to open the run search utility. You can try this fix if the launcher is not working properly or it keeps crashing. However, if you did not find the process running in the background, do not worry there are other fixes you can try too! Fix #2 – Try Repairing the Epic Games Launcher using Control Panel Launch the application again, and the Epic Games Launcher will appear on the screen. Step 3 – If the process is running, select it and click End Task to finish it immediately! ![]() Step 2 – In the Task Manager, look for the process for Epic Games Launcher. Step 1 – Press Ctrl+Shift+Esc to bring up the Task Manager. To do so, you can use the following steps – ![]() The best way to handle this is by checking the background process and closing if one of the processes is open. This is why the system does not properly process your command. Sometimes, a partial application process is already running in the background. If you are facing an issue where you keep double-clicking on the launch icon, but the Epic Games Launcher is not opening, this is the fix for you! Without wasting any time, let’s jump straight to the fixes! Ultimate Fixes to Resolve Epic Games Launcher Crashing on Windows PC Fix #1 – Check if the app is open in the background. In this post, we have bought some of the finest fixes that you can use to resolve Epic Launcher not loading on Windows or Epic Games Launcher won’t open issues. If you are facing similar challenges with the launcher on your PC, this blog is for you. For some, the launcher is not launching (see the irony?), and for some, it keeps crashing. Recently, many gamers have shared their issues related to Epic Games launcher not working on Windows. ![]() The same issue has come forward for the Epic Games launcher. However, sometimes, even the finest of software faces a glitch. The Epic Games launcher is one of the most prominent launchers gamers use to play PC games. ![]() base64 -decode /path/to/file > output.txt Conclusion You may want to output stdout directly to a file. base64 -decode /path/to/fileĪs with encoding files, the output will be a very long string of the original file. To decode a file with contents that are base64 encoded, you simply provide the path of the file with the -decode flag. Provided your encoding was not corrupted the output should be your original string. Using the example encoding shown above, let’s decode it back into its original form. With encoded string, you can pipe an echo command into base64 as you did to encode it. To decode with base64 you need to use the -decode flag. bas64 /path/to/file > output.txt Decoding Strings You may want to write the stdout to file instead. This will output a very long, base64 encoded string. To base64 encode a file base64 /path/to/file Which will output the following bXktc3RyaW5n Without the -n flag you may capture a hidden characters, like line returns or spaces, which will corrupt your base64 encoding. To ensure no extra, hidden characters are added use the -n flag. To base64 encode string you can pipe an echo command into the base64 command-line tool. While it may obfuscate that actual data from should surfers, anyone who has access to base64 encoded data can easily decode it. Rather it is a useful way of transferring or storing large data in the form of a string. Base64 is not EncryptionĮncoding files is not encryption and should never be used to secure sensitive data on disk. In short, base64 encoding ensures the integrity of our data when transferred over the network. The reason is ASCII files are string converted to bytes, and when those bytes are decoded incorrectly back to ASCII your data becomes corrupt.īase64 was introduced as a way to convert your ASCII data into arbitrary bytes, where they could then be transferred as bytes, and decoded correctly back to ASCII. Transferring an ASCII file over the network can cause corruption if not decoded correctly. OSX also comes bundled with its own version of base64. You should not have to perform any additional steps. If you are running popular linux distributions, such as Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS, or Red Hat, the base64 command-line tool is typically pre-installed. How to base64 encode on Ubuntu, Debian, OSX, and Red Hat One being is ensuring data integrity when transferring data over the network, while another is storing Secrets in Kubernetes.Īfter reading this tutorial you will understand how to easily encode files or strings, and then decode them back. You will also learn what base64 encoding is and why it should never be used to protect data from unauthorized access.īase64 encoding and decoding data has many use cases. In this tutorial, you will learn how to base64 encode and decode from the command-line on Linux. ![]() Guidelines for Management of Small Pulmonary Nodules Detected on CT Scans: A Statement from the Fleischner Society. Fleischner Society pulmonary nodule recommendations.British Thoracic Society guidelines for pulmonary nodules.In this article, we follow the cutoff recommended by the Fleischner Society 2017 position statement, which considers lesions up to 3 mm micronodules 10. Some authors consider lesions measuring <3 mm as micronodules 9. In the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) all nodules with <4 mm maximum diameter were recorded as micronodules 8. ![]() The term micronodule has been defined variably by different position statements. Nodules and masses are most often seen in metastatic disease to the lung.Īlways be aware of artifacts, especially on radiographs, where buttons or nipple shadows can often be mistaken for a true pulmonary nodule 7. Solitary pulmonary nodules and hyperdense pulmonary nodules are discussed further elsewhere.Ī micronodular or miliary pattern is predominately seen in granulomatous processes, hematogenous pulmonary metastases, and pneumoconioses. The differential diagnosis for a nodule can be refined by its size, location, and density. (For further discussion, see the article on nodular opacification.) They are quite separate from airspace nodules that often have an irregular margin and are usually ~8 mm in diameter. They are generally homogeneous (without air bronchograms or alveolograms) and are well-defined since their margins are sharp and they are surrounded by normally aerated lung parenchyma. Portraits of Julia as she came of age showed her with her hair twisted into the same stiff, controlled nodus favored by her stepmother and aunt, under whose aegis she was now being brought up.Pulmonary nodules can be classified according to size, morphology and/or distribution. ![]() In spite of the fact that she was over seventy when Tiberius became emperor, in dedicated artwork she got progressively younger.22 Slowly but surely the round-faced visage of her earlier public portraits underwent a facelift, the severe nodus hairstyle with its bulky pompadour gradually replaced with a softer, more graceful center part, her wrinkles filled in, her skin made smoother, her expression calmer and more serene.Īugustus himself owed much of his rise to his adoption as a seventeen-year-old by his great-uncle Julius Caesar.62 In 13 BC, once Gaius and Lucius had reached the age of seven and four, respectively, the Roman mint issued a coin featuring the emperor on one side, and on the other a tiny fleshy-featured bust of Julia, her hair neatly arranged in the nodus, flanked by the heads of her two infant boys. Gone was the prim nodus instead her long hair was parted in the center and allowed to fall loose under a veil, in a deliberate echo of the statuary poses of classical goddesses. The Letters of Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Barrett Browning, Robert, 1812-1889 1898 'dignus' of the celestial interposition ” and a new packet shall be ready to go to you directly. So wisely I shut my letter, (after unwisely having driven everything to the last moment!) ” and now I have silk to tie fast with. Letters to His Son on the Art of Becoming a Man of the World and a Gentleman, 1749 Philip Dormer Stanhope Chesterfield 1733 The former is steady and unshaken, where the ' nodus' is 'dignus vindice' the latter is oftener improperly than properly exerted, but always brutally.Ĭomplete Project Gutenberg Earl of Chesterfield Works Philip Dormer Stanhope Chesterfield 1733 The Letters of Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Barrett, Vol. 'dignus' of the celestial interposition - and a new packet shall be ready to go to you directly. So wisely I shut my letter, (after unwisely having driven everything to the last moment!) - and now I have silk to tie fast with. When the dignus vindice nodus is resurrected in the 1790s in relation to the use of the supernatural, Horace's words should be translated to mean "you should not use this device unless you have a legitimate reason."Įven her hairstyle was on message: a meticulously combed arrangement known as the nodus literally, “knot”, in reference to the distinctive roll of hair swept up harshly above the forehead.Ĭaesars’ Wives Annelise Freisenbruch 2010 |